Resource · Plain-English Guide

What Is an Insulating Glass Unit (IGU)?

Quick answer: An insulating glass unit (IGU) is two or more glass lites separated by a sealed cavity, with the cavity filled with air or inert gas (argon, krypton). The sealed cavity dramatically reduces heat transfer, achieving U-factor 0.30-0.50 vs 1.10 for single-pane. Required by Florida Energy Code for all conditioned commercial space.

IGU construction

Two glass lites (typically 1/4" each) separated by an aluminum or warm-edge spacer holding them 1/2" apart. The perimeter is sealed with butyl primary sealant + polysulfide or polyurethane secondary sealant. Cavity filled with argon (most common) or air. Common nominal thickness: 1" (1/4" + 1/2" + 1/4").

Performance metrics

U-factor: 0.30-0.50 (vs 1.10 single pane). SHGC: 0.20-0.50 (depends on coating). VLT: 35-91% (depends on glass type). Sound transmission loss: STC 28-38 for standard IGUs; higher with laminated lites.

Argon vs air fill

Argon-filled IGUs perform 5-10% better than air-filled on U-factor. Argon is heavier and more viscous, slowing convective heat transfer in the cavity. Most modern commercial IGUs are argon-filled at 90%+ concentration.

Warm-edge vs aluminum spacers

Aluminum spacers conduct heat at the IGU edge, creating cold spots. Warm-edge spacers (stainless steel or polymer composite) reduce edge conductivity, improving overall U-factor by 5-15%. Most modern commercial IGUs use warm-edge spacers.

Low-E coating placement

Low-E coating in an IGU goes on surface #2 (outboard glass, inside the cavity) for Florida hot climates. This reflects solar heat before it enters the building. Surface #3 (inboard glass, inside the cavity) is for cold climates.

HVHZ IGU configurations

Standard Florida HVHZ commercial IGU: 1/4" laminated impact tempered (outboard) + 1/2" airspace + 1/4" tempered (inboard) = 1" nominal. This combines: impact rating + safety break + insulation + low-E coating in one assembly.

IGU service life

Properly fabricated and installed commercial IGUs last 20-30 years. Failure mode is seal deterioration allowing moisture vapor into the cavity (visible as fogging or moisture droplets). Warranty typically 10 years against seal failure.

Frequently asked

What is an insulating glass unit (IGU)?

An IGU is two or more glass lites separated by a sealed cavity (typically 1/2" filled with argon or air). The sealed cavity reduces heat transfer dramatically, achieving U-factor 0.30-0.50 vs 1.10 single-pane.

Is argon fill better than air fill?

Yes — argon-filled IGUs perform 5-10% better on U-factor than air-filled equivalents. Argon is heavier and slows convective heat transfer in the cavity.

What's the lifespan of an insulating glass unit?

Properly fabricated and installed commercial IGUs last 20-30 years. The failure mode is seal deterioration allowing moisture into the cavity. Warranties typically cover the first 10 years.

Which surface should low-E be on in Florida?

Surface #2 (outboard glass, inside the cavity) for Florida hot climates. This reflects solar heat before it enters the building.

Are IGUs required for commercial buildings in Florida?

Effectively yes. Florida Energy Code requires U-factor ≤ 0.50 (South FL) or ≤ 0.55 (rest of FL) for conditioned commercial space. Single-pane glass cannot meet this; IGUs are the standard solution.

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